{"id":3781,"date":"2018-07-01T06:43:32","date_gmt":"2018-07-01T13:43:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.jeffjaeger.com\/nvapp\/?p=3781"},"modified":"2018-12-15T10:03:14","modified_gmt":"2018-12-15T18:03:14","slug":"uncharged-act-evidence-admissible-juvenile-delinquency-proceedings","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jeffjaeger.com\/nvapp\/2018\/07\/01\/uncharged-act-evidence-admissible-juvenile-delinquency-proceedings\/","title":{"rendered":"Is uncharged act evidence admissible in juvenile delinquency proceedings?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Picture<\/a><\/p>\n

In Re: N.J., A Minor Child (Nev. Supreme Ct. \u2013 June 28, 2018)<\/strong><\/p>\n

The issue is whether the juvenile court abused its discretion in admitting uncharged acts as evidence.<\/p>\n

On September 22, 2015, N.J. and a group of mutual acquaintances were at a park in Fallon, Nevada, when N.J. attempted to fight the victim in this case. According to witness testimony, N.J. believed that her boyfriend, T.H., was sexually intimate with the victim. The victim eluded an altercation and left the park.<\/p>\n

Later that evening, the victim received a text message from T.H. The victim and TB, planned to visit Walmart to purchase pajamas. T.H. picked up the victim, but instead of visiting Walmart, they drove to an isolated area behind Walmart. After they parked the vehicle, N.J. pulled up in a vehicle behind them. N.J. left her vehicle and entered the vehicle carrying the victim. N.J. struck the temple of the victim\u2019s head, threatened to hurt the victim if she did not stay away from T.H., and spat on the victim.<\/p>\n

The State filed a delinquency petition in juvenile court charging N.J. with one count of battery and one count of harassment. During an evidentiary hearing, N.J. objected to the admission of testimony regarding two uncharged acts, namely testimony that she had (1) challenged the victim to a fight earlier in the day at the park, and (2) spat on the victim after the battery and harassment. With regard to the two uncharged acts, the district court overruled the objections based on the res gestae doctrine<\/a>. The district court ultimately adjudicated N.J. delinquent on both counts. N.J. appealed.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

On appeal, N.J. argued that the testimony regarding the two uncharged acts constituted bad act evidence and was inadmissible in juvenile proceedings because NRS Chapter 62D<\/a> does not have a provision similar to NRS 48.045<\/a>, which allows the admission of bad act evidence for certain limited purposes in adult criminal proceedings.<\/p>\n

The Supreme Court of Nevada explained<\/a> that in criminal cases involving adult defendants, NRS 48.045<\/a> permits the admission of uncharged-act evidence for certain limited purposes. Although evidence of prior misconduct is not admissible to prove the character of a person, it may be admitted for other purposes, such as proof of motive, opportunity, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, or absence of mistake or accident. NRS 48.045(2)<\/a>. Prior to the admission of evidence of other wrongs in the context of a criminal case, the prosecutor has the burden of establishing at a hearing outside the jury\u2019s presence that: \u201c(1) . . . the evidence is relevant to the crime charged; (2) that the other act is proven by clear and convincing evidence; and (3) that the probative value of the other act is not substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice.” Taylor v. Thunder<\/a><\/em>, <\/em>116 Nev. 968, 973, 13 P.3d 43, 46 (2000).<\/p>\n

The Court noted<\/a> that NRS 48.045<\/a> makes no mention of its inadmissibility in juvenile proceedings. See <\/em>Union Plaza Hotel v. Jackson<\/a><\/em>, 101 Nev. 733, 736, 709 P.2d 1020, 1022 (1985) (providing that the Supreme Court of Nevada is not empowered to go beyond the face of a statute to lend it a construction contrary to its clear meaning); see als<\/em>o NRS 49.295(2)(d)<\/a> (providing unequivocally that the marital privileges do not apply in juvenile proceedings). Although juvenile proceedings are civil in nature, formal evidentiary hearings are required to adjudicate a juvenile as delinquent. See <\/em>State v. Javier C.<\/a><\/em>, 128 Nev. 536, 540, 289 P.3d 1194, 1197 (2012) (recognizing that juvenile proceedings and confinement resulting therefrom are civil, not criminal); N.L. v. State<\/a><\/em>, 989 N.E.2d 773, 779 (Ind. 2013) (holding that while juvenile delinquency hearings are civil in nature, a formal fact-finding hearing is analogous to a criminal trial and the rules of evidence apply to the same extent as in a criminal case). Thus, the Court determined<\/a> that initially, NRS 48.045<\/a> appeared to apply in juvenile proceedings.<\/p>\n

NRS 62D.420<\/a>, which provides, in pertinent part:<\/p>\n

1. In each proceeding conducted pursuant to the provisions of this title, the juvenile court may:
\n(a) Receive all competent, material and relevant evidence that may be helpful in determining the issues presented, including, but not limited to, oral and written reports; and
\n(b) Rely on such evidence to the extent of its probative value.<\/p>\n

The Court explained<\/a> that NRS 62D.420<\/a> unequivocally provides that a juvenile court may receive any evidence that is competent, material, and relevant to the underlying charge and is more relaxed than the rules of evidence provided in NRS 48.045<\/a>. NRS 48.045<\/a> excludes the admission of evidence of uncharged acts for the purpose of proving character, while NRS 62D.420<\/a> is void of such exclusion. The Court believed<\/a> that this distinction made sense given that NRS 48.045<\/a> acts as a procedural safeguard in a criminal case to ensure that the jury will not be unduly influenced by the evidence, and thus convict the accused because it believes the accused is a bad person. Tavares v. State<\/a><\/em>, <\/em>117 Nev. 725, 730, 30 P.3d 1128, 1131 (2001). In contrast, juvenile proceedings must be heard without a jury. NRS 62D.010<\/a>. Consequently, the Court determined<\/a> that NRS 62D.420<\/a> and NRS 48.045<\/a>, applied in the context of juvenile proceedings, are in conflict.<\/p>\n

The Court noted<\/a> that when two statutory provisions conflict, it employs the rules of statutory construction and attempts to harmonize conflicting provisions so that the act as a whole is given effect. State v. Eighth Judicial Dist. Court (Logan D.)<\/a><\/em>, <\/em>129 Nev. 492, 508, 306 P.3d 369, 380(2013). Under the general\/specific canon, the more specific statute will take precedence and is construed as an exception to the more general statute, so that, when read together, the two provisions are not in conflict, but can exist in harmony. Williams v. State, Dep\u2019t of Corr.<\/a><\/em>, <\/em>133 Nev., Adv. Op. 75, 402 P.3d 1260, 1265; see also <\/em>Piroozi v. Eighth Judicial Dist. Court<\/a><\/em>, <\/em>131 Nev. 1004, 1009, 363 P.3d 1168, 1172 (2015) (providing that where a general and a special statute, each relating to the same subject, are in conflict and they cannot be read together, the special statute controls). Because NRS 62D.420<\/a> is a statute focusing specifically on the admission of evidence in juvenile proceedings, it is the more specific statute, and it governs here. See <\/em>NRS 47.020(1)(a)<\/a> (providing, NRS 48.045<\/a> governs proceedings except to the extent to which its provisions are relaxed by a statute or procedural rule applicable to the specific situation). As the specific statute, in juvenile proceedings, NRS 62D.420<\/a> sets forth an exception to NRS 48.045<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Based on the foregoing analysis, The Court found<\/a> that the district court was allowed to receive any evidence that was competent, material, and relevant to N.J.’s underlying charges of battery and harassment. The district court concluded that the two uncharged acts provided a full account of the circumstances surrounding the commission of the battery and harassment. The Court noted<\/a> that the district court acknowledged that N.J. could have been charged with a separate battery for spitting on the victim, but was not. Nonetheless, the district court allowed such testimony as evidence in this case. The Court explained<\/a> that it was satisfied that the testimony regarding the two uncharged acts was competent, material, and relevant, as required pursuant to NRS 62D.420(1)(a)<\/a>. Thus, the district court did not abuse its discretion in admitting the testimony regarding the two uncharged acts, and therefore, the Court affirmed the district court’s order.<\/p>\n

Visit the Nevada Appellate Report<\/a> for more legal news.<\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In Re: N.J., A Minor Child (Nev. Supreme Ct. \u2013 June 28, 2018) The issue is whether the juvenile court abused its discretion in admitting uncharged acts as evidence. On September 22, 2015, N.J. and a group of mutual acquaintances were at a park in Fallon, Nevada, when N.J. attempted to fight the victim in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,3],"tags":[649,387,647,646,648,645],"class_list":["post-3781","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-criminal-defense","category-evidence","tag-nrs-47-020","tag-nrs-48-045","tag-nrs-49-295","tag-nrs-62d","tag-nrs-62d-010","tag-nrs-62d-420"],"yoast_head":"\nIs uncharged act evidence admissible in juvenile delinquency proceedings? - Nevada Appellate Report<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A juvenile who was adjudicated delinquent argued that testimony regarding two uncharged acts constituted bad act evidence and was inadmissible.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jeffjaeger.com\/nvapp\/2018\/07\/01\/uncharged-act-evidence-admissible-juvenile-delinquency-proceedings\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Is uncharged act evidence admissible in juvenile delinquency proceedings? 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